---
title: Hosea 8:1 (JPS 1917) — As a vulture he cometh against the house of the LORD; because they h… · tree and pragmatics
description: As a vulture he cometh against the house of the LORD; because they have transgressed My covenant, and trespassed against My law. Who acts: vulture, they, My. Hosea 8:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hosea 8:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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As a vulture he cometh against the house of the LORD; because they have transgressed My covenant, and trespassed against My law.

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**Who acts:** vulture, they, My · **What happens:** come, transgress, trespass, covenant · **To what, where:** house, covenant

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This is Hosea 8:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vulture, they, My), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:104
# text = As a vulture he cometh against the house of the LORD; because they have transgressed My covenant, and trespassed against My law.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	vulture	vulture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	transgressed	transgress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
17	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	trespassed	trespass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	_
22	against	against	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | vulture |  |  | the house of the LORD |  | as a vulture | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against house=Location |
| 2 | **transgress** | present · perfect | they | My covenant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **trespass** | participle | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against My law | tree rules |
| 4 | **covenant** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom covenant «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֶל־חִכְּךָ֣ שֹׁפָ֔ר כַּנֶּ֖שֶׁר עַל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה יַ֚עַן עָבְר֣וּ בְרִיתִ֔י וְעַל־תּוֹרָתִ֖י פָּשָֽׁעוּ׃

[Hosea 8:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.8.1/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [Set the horn to thy mouth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.103/)
2. **As a vulture he cometh against the house of the LORD; because they have transgressed My covenant, and trespassed against My law.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:104` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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