--- title: Hosea 8:4 (JPS 1917) — They have set up kings, but not from Me, they have made princes, and… · tree and pragmatics description: They have set up kings, but not from Me, they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off. Who acts: They, kings, I. Hosea 8:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.107/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/8/) / [8:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.8.4/) / JPS 1 # Hosea 8:4 · JPS 1917 They have set up kings, but not from Me, they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off. **Who acts:** They, kings, I · **What happens:** set up, make, not know, cut off · **To what, where:** kings, princes, enemy This is Hosea 8:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (They, kings, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:HOS:107 # text = They have set up kings, but not from Me, they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off. 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 set set VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 up up ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 7 but but CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 8 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _ 9 from from ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 Me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 12 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 13 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 15 princes prince NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ _ 21 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 19 advmod _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 silver silver NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 29 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 32 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 idols idol NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 xcomp _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 35 that that SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 36 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 38 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 39 aux:pass _ _ 39 cut cut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 31 advcl _ _ 40 off off ADP RP _ 39 compound:prt _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - hedged: yes - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **set up** | present · perfect | They | kings | | | | from Me | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient king=Result | | 2 | **make** | present · perfect | kings *= king* | princes | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset prince=Product | | 3 | **not** **know** | past | I | enemy | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 4 | **make** | present · perfect | kings *= king* | princes *= prince* | | | | of kings's silver and kings's gold | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | | 5 | **cut off** | may · passive | | kings *= king* | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} הֵ֤ם הִמְלִיכוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א מִמֶּ֔נִּי הֵשִׂ֖ירוּ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֑עְתִּי כַּסְפָּ֣ם וּזְהָבָ֗ם עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֲצַבִּ֔ים לְמַ֖עַן יִכָּרֵֽת׃ [Hosea 8:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.8.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:107` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Hosea 8:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.106/) - next →: [Hosea 8:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.108/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 8:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.8.4/)