---
title: Hosea 8:9 (JPS 1917) — For they are gone up to Assyria, like a wild ass alone by himself; E… · tree and pragmatics
description: For they are gone up to Assyria, like a wild ass alone by himself; Ephraim hath hired lovers. Who acts: strangers, Ephraim. Hosea 8:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hosea 8:9 · JPS 1917

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For they are gone up to Assyria, like a wild ass alone by himself; Ephraim hath hired lovers.

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**Who acts:** strangers, Ephraim · **What happens:** go up, hire · **To what, where:** Assyria, lovers

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This is Hosea 8:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strangers, Ephraim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:112
# text = For they are gone up to Assyria, like a wild ass alone by himself; Ephraim hath hired lovers.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Assyria	Assyria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obl	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	hired	hire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
20	lovers	lover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | present · passive | strangers *= stranger* |  | Assyria |  |  | like a wild ass; alone *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **hire** | present · perfect | Ephraim | lovers |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lover=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כִּֽי־הֵ֙מָּה֙ עָל֣וּ אַשּׁ֔וּר פֶּ֖רֶא בּוֹדֵ֣ד ל֑וֹ אֶפְרַ֖יִם הִתְנ֥וּ אֲהָבִֽים

[Hosea 8:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.8.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:112` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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