--- title: Hosea 10:11 (JPS 1917) — And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I ha… · tree and pragmatics description: And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I have passed over upon her fair neck; I will make Ephraim to ride, Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods. Who acts: Ephraim, heifer, I, Judah. Hosea 10:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.149/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/10/) / [10:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.11/) / JPS 1 # Hosea 10:11 · JPS 1917 And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I have passed over upon her fair neck; I will make Ephraim to ride, Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods. **Who acts:** Ephraim, heifer, I, Judah, Jacob · **What happens:** be, break, love, thresh, pass over, make · **To what, where:** heifer, fair neck, Ephraim, clods This is Hosea 10:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ephraim, heifer, I, Judah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:HOS:149 # text = And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I have passed over upon her fair neck; I will make Ephraim to ride, Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 2 Ephraim Ephraim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 heifer heifer NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 7 advmod _ _ 7 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 10 loveth love VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 thresh thresh VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 15 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 16 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 10 conj _ _ 18 over over ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 upon upon ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 21 fair fair ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 neck neck NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 24 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 25 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 parataxis _ _ 27 Ephraim Ephraim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 ride ride VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 xcomp _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 32 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 33 plow plow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 parataxis _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 Jacob Jacob PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 36 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 break break VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 parataxis _ _ 38 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ _ 39 clods clod NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Ephraim | a heifer | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **break** | participle | | a heifer *not said here* | | | | well *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **love** | present | a heifer | | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **thresh** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a heifer *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **pass over** | present · perfect | I | | | Ephraim's fair neck | | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon neck=Location | | 6 | **make** | future | I | Ephraim | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **ride** | to-infinitive | Ephraim *not said here* | | | | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **plow** | shall | Judah | | | | | | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **break** | shall | Jacob | Jacob's clods | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer clod=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְאֶפְרַ֜יִם עֶגְלָ֤ה מְלֻמָּדָה֙ אֹהַ֣בְתִּי לָד֔וּשׁ וַאֲנִ֣י עָבַ֔רְתִּי עַל־ט֖וּב צַוָּארָ֑הּ אַרְכִּ֤יב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה יְשַׂדֶּד־ל֖וֹ יַעֲקֹֽב׃ [Hosea 10:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.11/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:149` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Hosea 10:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.148/) - next →: [Hosea 10:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.150/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 10:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.11/)