---
title: Hosea 11:3 (JPS 1917) — And I, I taught Ephraim to walk, taking them by their arms; but they… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I, I taught Ephraim to walk, taking them by their arms; but they knew not that I healed them. Who acts: I, images. Hosea 11:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hosea 11:3 · JPS 1917

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And I, I taught Ephraim to walk, taking them by their arms; but they knew not that I healed them.

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**Who acts:** I, images · **What happens:** teach, walk, take, not know, heal · **To what, where:** Ephraim, images · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Hosea 11:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, images), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:156
# text = And I, I taught Ephraim to walk, taking them by their arms; but they knew not that I healed them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	dislocated	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
19	not	not	ADV	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	healed	heal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | I |  | Ephraim |  |  | I *dislocated* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent ephraim=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **walk** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | gerund | I *not said here* | images *= image* |  |  |  | by images's arms | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **know** | past | images *= image* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **heal** | past | I | images *= image* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְאָנֹכִ֤י תִרְגַּ֙לְתִּי֙ לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם קָחָ֖ם עַל־זְרֽוֹעֹתָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ כִּ֥י רְפָאתִֽים׃

[Hosea 11:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.11.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:156` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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