---
title: Hosea 12:12 (JPS 1917) — If Gilead be given to iniquity becoming altogether vanity, in Gilgal… · tree and pragmatics
description: If Gilead be given to iniquity becoming altogether vanity, in Gilgal they sacrifice unto bullocks; yea, their altars shall be as heaps in the furrows of the field. Who acts: similitudes, altars. Hosea 12:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hosea 12:12 · JPS 1917

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If Gilead be given to iniquity becoming altogether vanity, in Gilgal they sacrifice unto bullocks; yea, their altars shall be as heaps in the furrows of the field.

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**Who acts:** similitudes, altars · **What happens:** give, become, sacrifice, be · **To what, where:** Gilead, iniquity, vanity, Gilgal, furrows

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This is Hosea 12:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (similitudes, altars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:181
# text = If Gilead be given to iniquity becoming altogether vanity, in Gilgal they sacrifice unto bullocks; yea, their altars shall be as heaps in the furrows of the field.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	altogether	altogether	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	vanity	vanity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Gilgal	Gilgal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	sacrifice	sacrifice	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	bullocks	bullock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
18	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	25	discourse	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	altars	altar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
22	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	cop	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	parataxis	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	furrows	furrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive · passive |  | Gilead | iniquity |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to iniquity=Recipient |
| 2 | **become** | gerund |  | vanity |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **sacrifice** | present | similitudes *= similitude* |  |  | Gilgal |  | unto bullocks | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | shall | similitudes's altars |  |  | the furrows of the field |  | as heaps | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אִם־גִּלְעָ֥ד אָ֙וֶן֙ אַךְ־שָׁ֣וְא הָי֔וּ בַּגִּלְגָּ֖ל שְׁוָרִ֣ים זִבֵּ֑חוּ גַּ֤ם מִזְבְּחוֹתָם֙ כְּגַלִּ֔ים עַ֖ל תַּלְמֵ֥י שָׂדָֽי׃

[Hosea 12:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.12.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:181` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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