---
title: Hosea 13:1 (JPS 1917) — When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling, he exalted himself in Israe… · tree and pragmatics
description: When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he became guilty through Baal, he died. Who acts: Ephraim, trembling. Hosea 13:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hosea 13:1 · JPS 1917

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When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he became guilty through Baal, he died.

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**Who acts:** Ephraim, trembling · **What happens:** speak, exalt, become, die · **To what, where:** trembling, Israel, Baal · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Hosea 13:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ephraim, trembling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:185
# text = When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he became guilty through Baal, he died.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
7	trembling	trembling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	exalted	exalt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
16	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	18	mark	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	_
19	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
20	through	through	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Baal	Baal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Ephraim |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **exalt** | past | trembling | trembling |  | Israel |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer himself=Stimulus |
| 3 | **become** | past | Ephraim |  |  | Baal |  | guilty *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **die** | past | Ephraim |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כְּדַבֵּ֤ר אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ רְתֵ֔ת נָשָׂ֥א ה֖וּא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֶּאְשַׁ֥ם בַּבַּ֖עַל וַיָּמֹֽת׃

[Hosea 13:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.13.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:185` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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