--- title: Hosea 13:3 (JPS 1917) — Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that ea… · tree and pragmatics description: Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that early passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the wind out of the threshing-floor, and as the smoke out of the window. Who acts: images, dew. Hosea 13:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.187/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/13/) / [13:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.13.3/) / JPS 1 # Hosea 13:3 · JPS 1917 Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that early passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the wind out of the threshing-floor, and as the smoke out of the window. **Who acts:** images, dew · **What happens:** be, pass away, drive · **To what, where:** chaff, threshing floor This is Hosea 13:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (images, dew), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:HOS:187 # text = Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that early passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the wind out of the threshing-floor, and as the smoke out of the window. 1 Therefore therefore ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 2 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 3 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _ 4 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 8 cop _ _ 5 as as ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 11 as as ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 dew dew NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 14 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ _ 15 early early ADV RB Degree=Pos 16 advmod _ _ 16 passeth pass VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 acl:relcl _ _ 17 away away ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 as as ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 chaff chaff NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 22 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux:pass _ _ 24 driven drive VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 acl:relcl _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 out out ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 28 fixed _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 31 threshing threshing NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 32 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 31 punct _ _ 33 floor floor NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 36 as as ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 39 out out ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 40 of of ADP IN _ 39 fixed _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nmod _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | shall | images *= image* | | | | | as the morning cloud and the dew and the chaff and the smoke out the window; therefore *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **pass away** | present | the dew | | | | | away, early *property* | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **drive** | present · passive | | the chaff | | the threshing floor | | with the wind | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme out floor=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} לָכֵ֗ן יִֽהְיוּ֙ כַּעֲנַן־בֹּ֔קֶר וְכַטַּ֖ל מַשְׁכִּ֣ים הֹלֵ֑ךְ כְּמֹץ֙ יְסֹעֵ֣ר מִגֹּ֔רֶן וּכְעָשָׁ֖ן מֵאֲרֻבָּֽה׃ [Hosea 13:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.13.3/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:187` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Hosea 13:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.186/) - next →: [Hosea 13:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.188/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 13:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.13.3/)