---
title: Hosea 4:2 (JPS 1917) — Swearing and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adulte… · tree and pragmatics
description: Swearing and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery! they break all bounds, and blood toucheth blood. Who acts: truth, blood. Hosea 4:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hosea 4:2 · JPS 1917

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Swearing and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery! they break all bounds, and blood toucheth blood.

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**Who acts:** truth, blood · **What happens:** swear, lie, kill, steal, commit, break · **To what, where:** adultery, bounds, blood

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This is Hosea 4:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (truth, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:41
# text = Swearing and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery! they break all bounds, and blood toucheth blood.
1	Swearing	swear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	advcl	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	stealing	steal	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	committing	commit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
13	adultery	adultery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	break	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	bounds	bound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	toucheth	touch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
23	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | gerund | truth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | truth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **kill** | gerund | truth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **steal** | gerund | truth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **commit** | gerund | truth *not said here* | adultery |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adultery=Theme |
| 6 | **break** | present | truth | all bounds |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bound=Patient |
| 7 | **touch** | present | blood | blood |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme blood=Co-Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אָלֹ֣ה וְכַחֵ֔שׁ וְרָצֹ֥חַ וְגָנֹ֖ב וְנָאֹ֑ף פָּרָ֕צוּ וְדָמִ֥ים בְּדָמִ֖ים נָגָֽעוּ׃

[Hosea 4:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:41` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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