---
title: Hosea 4:13 (JPS 1917) — They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and offer upon the hi… · tree and pragmatics
description: They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and offer upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and terebinths, because the shadow thereof is good; therefore your daughters commit harlotry, and your daughters-in-law commit adultery. Who acts: people, shadow, daughters. Hosea 4:13 in JPS 1917 with it
---

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# Hosea 4:13 · JPS 1917

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They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and offer upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and terebinths, because the shadow thereof is good; therefore your daughters commit harlotry, and your daughters-in-law commit adultery.

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**Who acts:** people, shadow, daughters · **What happens:** sacrifice, offer, be, commit · **To what, where:** oaks, harlotry, adultery

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This is Hosea 4:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, shadow, daughters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:52
# text = They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and offer upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and terebinths, because the shadow thereof is good; therefore your daughters commit harlotry, and your daughters-in-law commit adultery.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sacrifice	sacrifice	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	offer	offer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	under	under	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	oaks	oak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	poplars	poplar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	terebinths	terebinth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
26	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	advcl	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
30	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
31	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
33	commit	commit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
34	harlotry	harlotry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
37	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nsubj	_	_
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	42	punct	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	40	punct	_	_
42	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
43	commit	commit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	conj	_	_
44	adultery	adultery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sacrifice** | present | people |  |  |  |  | upon the tops of the mountains | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **offer** | present | people *not said here* |  |  | oaks and poplars and terebinths |  | upon the hills | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | the shadow |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **commit** | present | your daughters | harlotry |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harlotry=Theme |
| 5 | **commit** | present | your daughters in law | adultery |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adultery=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עַל־רָאשֵׁ֨י הֶהָרִ֜ים יְזַבֵּ֗חוּ וְעַל־הַגְּבָעוֹת֙ יְקַטֵּ֔רוּ תַּ֣חַת אַלּ֧וֹן וְלִבְנֶ֛ה וְאֵלָ֖ה כִּ֣י ט֣וֹב צִלָּ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן תִּזְנֶ֙ינָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם וְכַלּוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם תְּנָאַֽפְנָה׃

[Hosea 4:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:52` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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