---
title: Hosea 4:17 (JPS 1917) — Ephraim is joined to idols; let him alone. · tree and pragmatics
description: Ephraim is joined to idols; let him alone. Hosea 4:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hosea 4:17 · JPS 1917

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Ephraim is joined to idols; let him alone.

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**What happens:** join, let · **To what, where:** Ephraim

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This is Hosea 4:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:56
# text = Ephraim is joined to idols; let him alone.
1	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	idols	idol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present · passive |  | Ephraim |  |  |  | to idols | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to idol=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | Ephraim |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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חֲב֧וּר עֲצַבִּ֛ים אֶפְרָ֖יִם הַֽנַּֽח־לֽוֹ׃

[Hosea 4:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:56` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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