---
title: Hosea 4:18 (JPS 1917) — When their carouse is over, they take to harlotry; her rulers deeply… · tree and pragmatics
description: When their carouse is over, they take to harlotry; her rulers deeply love dishonour. Who acts: carouse, idols, rulers. Hosea 4:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hosea 4:18 · JPS 1917

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When their carouse is over, they take to harlotry; her rulers deeply love dishonour.

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**Who acts:** carouse, idols, rulers · **What happens:** be, take, love, carouse · **To what, where:** dishonour

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This is Hosea 4:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (carouse, idols, rulers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:57
# text = When their carouse is over, they take to harlotry; her rulers deeply love dishonour.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	carouse	carouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	over	over	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	harlotry	harlotry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	deeply	deeply	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
16	dishonour	dishonour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | idols's carouse |  |  |  |  | over *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present | idols *= idol* |  |  |  |  | to harlotry *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to harlotry=Result |
| 3 | **love** | present | harlotry's rulers | dishonour |  |  |  | deeply *property* | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dishonour=Stimulus |
| 4 | **carouse** |  | idols *= idol* |  |  |  |  |  | nom carouse «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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סָ֖ר סָבְאָ֑ם הַזְנֵ֣ה הִזְנ֔וּ אָהֲב֥וּ הֵב֛וּ קָל֖וֹן מָגִנֶּֽיהָ׃

[Hosea 4:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:57` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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