---
title: Hosea 6:8 (JPS 1917) — Gilead is a city of them that work iniquity, it is covered with foot… · tree and pragmatics
description: Gilead is a city of them that work iniquity, it is covered with footprints of blood. Who acts: Gilead, city. Hosea 6:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.82/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/6/) / [6:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.6.8/) / JPS 1

# Hosea 6:8 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gilead is a city of them that work iniquity, it is covered with footprints of blood.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Gilead, city · **What happens:** be, work, cover · **To what, where:** city, iniquity

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Hosea 6:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gilead, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:82
# text = Gilead is a city of them that work iniquity, it is covered with footprints of blood.
1	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	footprints	footprint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gilead | a city |  |  |  | of mercy | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | present | a city | iniquity |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent iniquity=Material |
| 3 | **cover** | present · passive |  | iniquity |  |  |  | with footprints of blood | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with footprint=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
גִּלְעָ֕ד קִרְיַ֖ת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן עֲקֻבָּ֖ה מִדָּֽם׃

[Hosea 6:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.6.8/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:82` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Hosea 6:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.81/)
- next →: [Hosea 6:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.83/)
- ↑ back to [Hosea 6:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.6.8/)