---
title: Hosea 7:4 (JPS 1917) — They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth… · tree and pragmatics
description: They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth to stir from the kneading of the dough until it be leavened. Who acts: doings, baker. Hosea 7:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hosea 7:4 · JPS 1917

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They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth to stir from the kneading of the dough until it be leavened.

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**Who acts:** doings, baker · **What happens:** be, heat, cease, stir, leaven · **To what, where:** adulterers, oven, kneading, dough

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This is Hosea 7:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (doings, baker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HOS:90
# text = They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth to stir from the kneading of the dough until it be leavened.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	_	4	det	_	_
4	adulterers	adulterer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	_
9	heated	heat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	baker	baker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:agent	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	ceaseth	cease	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	stir	stir	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	kneading	kneading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	leavened	leaven	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | doings *= doing* | all adulterers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **heat** | participle |  | a oven *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **cease** | present | the baker |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **stir** | to-infinitive | the baker *not said here* |  |  | the kneading of the dough |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **leaven** | infinitive · passive |  | dough |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כֻּלָּם֙ מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים כְּמ֣וֹ תַנּ֔וּר בֹּעֵ֖רָה מֵֽאֹפֶ֑ה יִשְׁבּ֣וֹת מֵעִ֔יר מִלּ֥וּשׁ בָּצֵ֖ק עַד־חֻמְצָתֽוֹ׃

[Hosea 7:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.7.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HOS:90` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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