---
title: Isaiah 44:27 (JPS 1917) — That saith to the deep: 'Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers'; · tree and pragmatics
description: That saith to the deep: 'Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers'; Who acts: That, I. Isaiah 44:27 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 44:27 · JPS 1917

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That saith to the deep: 'Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers';

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**Who acts:** That, I · **What happens:** say, be, dry up · **To what, where:** deep, rivers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Isaiah 44:27 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1000
# text = That saith to the deep: 'Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers';
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	deep	deep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | That |  | the deep |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to deep=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **dry up** | future | I | thy rivers |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient river=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הָאֹמֵ֥ר לַצּוּלָ֖ה חֳרָ֑בִי וְנַהֲרֹתַ֖יִךְ אוֹבִֽישׁ׃

[Isaiah 44:27: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.27/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1000` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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