---
title: Isaiah 45:1 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the LORD to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I ha… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus saith the LORD to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him, and to loose the loins of kings; to open the doors before him, and that the gates may not be shut: Who acts: LORD, I. Isaiah 45:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Isaiah 45:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thus saith the LORD to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him, and to loose the loins of kings; to open the doors before him, and that the gates may not be shut:

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** LORD, I · **What happens:** say, holden, subdue, loose, open, not shut · **To what, where:** Cyrus, right hand, nations, loins, doors, gates · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 45:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1002
# text = Thus saith the LORD to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him, and to loose the loins of kings; to open the doors before him, and that the gates may not be shut:
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	anointed	anointed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Cyrus	Cyrus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	holden	holden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	acl:relcl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	subdue	subdue	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
21	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
22	before	before	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	loose	loose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	loins	loin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obj	_	_
37	before	before	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obl	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
41	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	nsubj:pass	_	_
44	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
45	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	47	advmod	_	_
46	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	aux:pass	_	_
47	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	conj	_	_
48	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  | Cyrus |  |  | to LORD's anointed; thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to anointed=Recipient |
| 2 | **holden** | present · perfect | I | right hand |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **subdue** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | nations |  |  | before LORD |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nation=Patient |
| 4 | **loose** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | the loins of kings |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent loin=Patient |
| 5 | **open** | to-infinitive | the LORD *not said here* | the doors |  |  | before LORD |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent door=Theme before he=Location |
| 6 | **not** **shut** | may · passive |  | the gates |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לִמְשִׁיחוֹ֮ לְכ֣וֹרֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱזַ֣קְתִּי בִֽימִינ֗וֹ לְרַד־לְפָנָיו֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וּמָתְנֵ֥י מְלָכִ֖ים אֲפַתֵּ֑חַ לִפְתֹּ֤חַ לְפָנָיו֙ דְּלָתַ֔יִם וּשְׁעָרִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִסָּגֵֽרוּ׃

[Isaiah 45:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1002` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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