---
title: Isaiah 45:2 (JPS 1917) — I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight; I will… · tree and pragmatics
description: I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight; I will break in pieces the doors of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron; Who acts: I. Isaiah 45:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 45:2 · JPS 1917

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I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight; I will break in pieces the doors of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron;

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** go, make, break, cut · **To what, where:** thee, crooked places, doors, pieces, bars, sunder

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This is Isaiah 45:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1003
# text = I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight; I will break in pieces the doors of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron;
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	crooked	crooked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	sunder	sunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | future | I |  |  | thee |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before thou=Location |
| 2 | **make** | infinitive | I *not said here* | the crooked places |  |  |  | straight *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset place=Product |
| 3 | **break** | future | I | the doors of brass |  | pieces |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer door=Patient |
| 4 | **cut** | infinitive | I *not said here* | the bars of iron |  | sunder |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bar=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֲנִי֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ אֵלֵ֔ךְ וַהֲדוּרִ֖ים אֲיַשֵּׁ֑ר דַּלְת֤וֹת נְחוּשָׁה֙ אֲשַׁבֵּ֔ר וּבְרִיחֵ֥י בַרְזֶ֖ל אֲגַדֵּֽעַ׃

[Isaiah 45:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1003` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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