---
title: Isaiah 45:19 (JPS 1917) — I have not spoken in secret, in a place of the land of darkness; I s… · tree and pragmatics
description: I have not spoken in secret, in a place of the land of darkness; I said not unto the seed of Jacob: 'Seek ye Me in vain'; I the LORD speak righteousness, I declare things that are right. Who acts: I, ye, things. Isaiah 45:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 45:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have not spoken in secret, in a place of the land of darkness; I said not unto the seed of Jacob: 'Seek ye Me in vain'; I the LORD speak righteousness, I declare things that are right.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, ye, things · **What happens:** not speak, not say, seek, speak, declare, be · **To what, where:** secret, Me, vain, righteousness, things · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 45:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, ye, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1021
# text = I have not spoken in secret, in a place of the land of darkness; I said not unto the seed of Jacob: 'Seek ye Me in vain'; I the LORD speak righteousness, I declare things that are right.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
20	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	_
27	Seek	seek	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	ccomp	_	_
28	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nsubj	_	_
29	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	vain	vain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
34	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	_
37	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
38	righteousness	righteousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	declare	declare	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
42	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
43	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	45	nsubj	_	_
44	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	cop	_	_
45	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	acl:relcl	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect | I |  |  | secret |  | in a place of the land of darkness | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | past | I |  |  |  |  | unto the seed of Jacob | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **seek** | infinitive | ye | Me |  | vain |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent i=Theme in vain=Location |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | I | righteousness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **declare** *speech: other* | present | I | things |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Attribute |
| 6 | **is** | present | things |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לֹ֧א בַסֵּ֣תֶר דִּבַּ֗רְתִּי בִּמְקוֹם֙ אֶ֣רֶץ חֹ֔שֶׁךְ לֹ֥א אָמַ֛רְתִּי לְזֶ֥רַע יַעֲקֹ֖ב תֹּ֣הוּ בַקְּשׁ֑וּנִי אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ דֹּבֵ֣ר צֶ֔דֶק מַגִּ֖יד מֵישָׁרִֽים׃

[Isaiah 45:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1021` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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