---
title: Isaiah 45:21 (JPS 1917) — Have not I the LORD? · tree and pragmatics
description: Have not I the LORD? Isaiah 45:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 45:21 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 3

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Have not I the LORD?

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This is Isaiah 45:21 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1024
# text = Have not I the LORD?
1	Have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	1	advmod	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	nsubj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed voice=character

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הַגִּ֣ידוּ וְהַגִּ֔ישׁוּ אַ֥ף יִֽוָּעֲצ֖וּ יַחְדָּ֑ו מִ֣י הִשְׁמִיעַ֩ זֹ֨את מִקֶּ֜דֶם מֵאָ֣ז הִגִּידָ֗הּ הֲל֨וֹא אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ וְאֵֽין־ע֤וֹד אֱלֹהִים֙ מִבַּלְעָדַ֔י אֵֽל־צַדִּ֣יק וּמוֹשִׁ֔יעַ אַ֖יִן זוּלָתִֽי׃

[Isaiah 45:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.21/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [Declare ye, and bring them near, yea, let them take counsel together: Who hath announced this from ancient time, and declared it of old?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1023/)
2. **Have not I the LORD?**
3. [And there is no God else beside Me, a just God and a Saviour; there is none beside Me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1025/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1024` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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