--- title: Isaiah 46:1 (JPS 1917) — Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth; their idols are upon the beasts, and… · tree and pragmatics description: Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth; their idols are upon the beasts, and upon the cattle; the things that ye carried about are made a load, a burden to the weary beast. Who acts: Bel, Nebo, idols, ye. Isaiah 46:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1030/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/46/) / [46:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.46.1/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 46:1 · JPS 1917 Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth; their idols are upon the beasts, and upon the cattle; the things that ye carried about are made a load, a burden to the weary beast. **Who acts:** Bel, Nebo, idols, ye · **What happens:** bow down, stoop, be, carry, make · **To what, where:** things This is Isaiah 46:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bel, Nebo, idols, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:1030 # text = Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth; their idols are upon the beasts, and upon the cattle; the things that ye carried about are made a load, a burden to the weary beast. 1 Bel Bel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 boweth bow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 down down ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 Nebo Nebo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 stoopeth stoop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 8 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 idols idol NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 10 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 11 upon upon ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 beasts beast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 upon upon ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 cattle cattle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj:pass _ _ 22 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 24 obj _ _ 23 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 24 nsubj _ _ 24 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 acl:relcl _ _ 25 about about ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 load load NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 xcomp _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 burden burden NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 appos _ _ 33 to to ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 weary weary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 beast beast NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bow down** | present | Bel | | | | | | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **stoop** | present | Nebo | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | present | their idols | | | | | upon the beasts and the cattle | tree rules | | 4 | **carry** | past | ye | the things | | | | about *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme | | 5 | **make** | present · passive | | the things | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כָּרַ֥ע בֵּל֙ קֹרֵ֣ס נְב֔וֹ הָיוּ֙ עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֔ם לַחַיָּ֖ה וְלַבְּהֵמָ֑ה נְשֻׂאֹתֵיכֶ֣ם עֲמוּס֔וֹת מַשָּׂ֖א לַעֲיֵפָֽה׃ [Isaiah 46:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.46.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1030` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 45:25 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1029/) - next →: [Isaiah 46:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1031/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 46:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.46.1/)