---
title: Isaiah 46:2 (JPS 1917) — They stoop, they bow down together, they could not deliver the burde… · tree and pragmatics
description: They stoop, they bow down together, they could not deliver the burden; and themselves are gone into captivity. Who acts: things. Isaiah 46:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 46:2 · JPS 1917

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They stoop, they bow down together, they could not deliver the burden; and themselves are gone into captivity.

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**Who acts:** things · **What happens:** stoop, bow down, not deliver, go · **To what, where:** burden, things, captivity

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This is Isaiah 46:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1031
# text = They stoop, they bow down together, they could not deliver the burden; and themselves are gone into captivity.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stoop	stoop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	bow	bow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	burden	burden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	19	nsubj	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	captivity	captivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoop** | present | things *= thing* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bow down** | present | things *= thing* |  |  |  |  | down, together *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **deliver** | could | things *= thing* | the burden |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent burden=Patient |
| 4 | **go** | present · passive |  | things *= thing* |  | captivity |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
קָרְס֤וּ כָֽרְעוּ֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו לֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ מַלֵּ֣ט מַשָּׂ֑א וְנַפְשָׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁבִ֥י הָלָֽכָה׃ס

[Isaiah 46:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.46.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1031` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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