---
title: Isaiah 46:9 (JPS 1917) — Remember the former things of old: that I am God, and there is none… · tree and pragmatics
description: Remember the former things of old: that I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like Me; Who acts: you, I, none. Isaiah 46:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 46:9 · JPS 1917

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Remember the former things of old: that I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like Me;

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I, none · **What happens:** remember, be · **To what, where:** former things, God · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Isaiah 46:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1038
# text = Remember the former things of old: that I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like Me;
1	Remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	ccomp	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	15	nsubj	_	_
17	else	else	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	25	expl	_	_
25	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
26	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	25	nsubj	_	_
27	like	like	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* | the former things of old |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | I | God and God |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** | present | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | present | I | God |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** | present | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
זִכְר֥וּ רִאשֹׁנ֖וֹת מֵעוֹלָ֑ם כִּ֣י אָנֹכִ֥י אֵל֙ וְאֵ֣ין ע֔וֹד אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְאֶ֥פֶס כָּמֽוֹנִי׃

[Isaiah 46:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.46.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1038` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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