---
title: Isaiah 48:5 (JPS 1917) — Therefore I have declared it to thee from of old; before it came to… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore I have declared it to thee from of old; before it came to pass I announced it to thee; lest thou shouldest say: 'Mine idol hath done them, and my graven image, and my molten image, hath commanded them.' Who acts: I, neck, thou, idol. Isaiah 48:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Isaiah 48:5 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore I have declared it to thee from of old; before it came to pass I announced it to thee; lest thou shouldest say: 'Mine idol hath done them, and my graven image, and my molten image, hath commanded them.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, neck, thou, idol, graven image, my · **What happens:** declare, come, pass, announce, say, do · **To what, where:** neck, thee, old, sinew · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 48:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, neck, thou, idol), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1062
# text = Therefore I have declared it to thee from of old; before it came to pass I announced it to thee; lest thou shouldest say: 'Mine idol hath done them, and my graven image, and my molten image, hath commanded them.'
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	declared	declare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
12	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	announced	announce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	obl	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nsubj	_	_
25	shouldest	should	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	_
29	Mine	my	PRON	PRP$	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	idol	idol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
31	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	ccomp	_	_
33	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
37	graven	graven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
41	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
42	molten	molten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	conj	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
45	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
46	commanded	command	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	32	conj	_	_
47	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	obj	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
49	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | present · perfect | I | neck | thee | old |  | therefore *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to thou=Recipient |
| 2 | **come** | past | neck |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pass** | to-infinitive | neck *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **announce** *speech: other* | past | I | neck | thee |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to thou=Recipient |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | should | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **do** | present · perfect | Mine idol | sinew |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality |
| 7 | **command** | present · perfect | my graven image and my molten image | sinew |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality |
| 8 | **image** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom image «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
| 9 | **image** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom image «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וָאַגִּ֤יד לְךָ֙ מֵאָ֔ז בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֑יךָ פֶּן־תֹּאמַר֙ עָצְבִּ֣י עָשָׂ֔ם וּפִסְלִ֥י וְנִסְכִּ֖י צִוָּֽם׃

[Isaiah 48:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1062` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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