---
title: Isaiah 48:12 (JPS 1917) — Hearken unto Me, O Jacob, and Israel My called: I am He; I am the fi… · tree and pragmatics
description: Hearken unto Me, O Jacob, and Israel My called: I am He; I am the first, I also am the last. Who acts: you, I. Isaiah 48:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 48:12 · JPS 1917

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Hearken unto Me, O Jacob, and Israel My called: I am He; I am the first, I also am the last.

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**Who acts:** you, I · **What happens:** hearken, be · **To what, where:** Israel

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This is Isaiah 48:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1071
# text = Hearken unto Me, O Jacob, and Israel My called: I am He; I am the first, I also am the last.
1	Hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
6	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	vocative	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	called	called	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	parataxis	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	15	parataxis	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
23	also	also	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
24	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	parataxis	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hearken** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Me; Jacob and Israel *vocative* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | I | Israel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | first *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | last *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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שְׁמַ֤ע אֵלַי֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מְקֹרָאִ֑י אֲנִי־הוּא֙ אֲנִ֣י רִאשׁ֔וֹן אַ֖ף אֲנִ֥י אַחֲרֽוֹן׃

[Isaiah 48:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1071` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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