---
title: Isaiah 48:16 (JPS 1917) — Come ye near unto Me, hear ye this: From the beginning I have not sp… · tree and pragmatics
description: Come ye near unto Me, hear ye this: From the beginning I have not spoken in secret; from the time that it was, there am I; and now the Lord GOD hath sent me, and His spirit. Who acts: ye, I, Lord GOD. Isaiah 48:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 48:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Come ye near unto Me, hear ye this: From the beginning I have not spoken in secret; from the time that it was, there am I; and now the Lord GOD hath sent me, and His spirit.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ye, I, Lord GOD · **What happens:** come, hear, not speak, be, send · **To what, where:** this, beginning, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 48:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, I, Lord GOD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1076
# text = Come ye near unto Me, hear ye this: From the beginning I have not spoken in secret; from the time that it was, there am I; and now the Lord GOD hath sent me, and His spirit.
1	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	1	nsubj	_	_
3	near	near	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	hear	hear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
8	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
9	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	obj	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
11	From	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	parataxis	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
28	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	29	expl	_	_
29	am	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	parataxis	_	_
30	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
33	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	38	advmod	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
37	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
38	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	_
39	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	38	obj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	conj	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | infinitive | ye |  |  |  |  | unto Me; near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | infinitive | ye | this |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect | I |  |  |  | from the beginning | in secret | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **be** | present | I |  |  | there | time |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **send** | present · perfect | the Lord GOD | me |  |  | now |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
קִרְב֧וּ אֵלַ֣י שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֗את לֹ֤א מֵרֹאשׁ֙ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי מֵעֵ֥ת הֱיוֹתָ֖הּ שָׁ֣ם אָ֑נִי וְעַתָּ֗ה אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה שְׁלָחַ֖נִי וְרוּחֽוֹ׃פ

[Isaiah 48:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1076` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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