---
title: Isaiah 48:21 (JPS 1917) — And they thirsted not when He led them through the deserts; He cause… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they thirsted not when He led them through the deserts; He caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them; He cleaved the rock also, and the waters gushed out.' Who acts: Chaldeans, LORD, waters. Isaiah 48:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 48:21 · JPS 1917

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And they thirsted not when He led them through the deserts; He caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them; He cleaved the rock also, and the waters gushed out.'

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**Who acts:** Chaldeans, LORD, waters · **What happens:** not thirst, lead, cause, flow out, cleave, gush out · **To what, where:** Chaldeans, deserts, waters, rock

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This is Isaiah 48:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chaldeans, LORD, waters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1081
# text = And they thirsted not when He led them through the deserts; He caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them; He cleaved the rock also, and the waters gushed out.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thirsted	thirst	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
6	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	deserts	desert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	flow	flow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
19	out	out	ADV	IN	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
26	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	cleaved	cleave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	also	also	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
35	gushed	gush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
36	out	out	ADP	RP	_	35	compound:prt	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
38	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **thirst** | past | Chaldeans |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **lead** | past | LORD | Chaldeans |  | the deserts |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme through desert=Destination |
| 3 | **cause** | past | LORD | the waters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **flow out** | to-infinitive | the waters *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the rock; for Chaldeans | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **cleave** | past | LORD | the rock |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Patient |
| 6 | **gush out** | past | the waters |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְלֹ֣א צָמְא֗וּ בָּחֳרָבוֹת֙ הֽוֹלִיכָ֔ם מַ֥יִם מִצּ֖וּר הִזִּ֣יל לָ֑מוֹ וַיִּ֨בְקַע־צ֔וּר וַיָּזֻ֖בוּ מָֽיִם׃

[Isaiah 48:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1081` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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