---
title: Isaiah 49:21 (JPS 1917) — And who hath brought up these? · tree and pragmatics
description: And who hath brought up these? Isaiah 49:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 49:21 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 3

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And who hath brought up these?

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**What happens:** bring up · **To what, where:** these

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This is Isaiah 49:21 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1106
# text = And who hath brought up these?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
3	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	obj	_	_
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring up** | present · perfect |  | these |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent this=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְאָמַ֣רְתְּ בִּלְבָבֵ֗ךְ מִ֤י יָֽלַד־לִי֙ אֶת־אֵ֔לֶּה וַאֲנִ֥י שְׁכוּלָ֖ה וְגַלְמוּדָ֑ה גֹּלָ֣ה ׀ וְסוּרָ֗ה וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ מִ֣י גִדֵּ֔ל הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ נִשְׁאַ֣רְתִּי לְבַדִּ֔י אֵ֖לֶּה אֵיפֹ֥ה הֵֽם׃פ

[Isaiah 49:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.49.21/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [Then shalt thou say in thy heart: 'Who hath begotten me these, seeing I have been bereaved of my children, and am solitary, an exile, and wandering to and fro?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1105/)
2. **And who hath brought up these?**
3. [Behold, I was left alone; these, where were they?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1107/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1106` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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