---
title: Isaiah 51:18 (JPS 1917) — There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought… · tree and pragmatics
description: There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up. Who acts: none, Jerusalem, any. Isaiah 51:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 51:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** none, Jerusalem, any · **What happens:** be, guide, bring, take, bring up · **To what, where:** Jerusalem, sons

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 51:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (none, Jerusalem, any), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1150
# text = There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	guide	guide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	among	among	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	obj	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
19	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	18	expl	_	_
20	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	nsubj	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	taketh	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
23	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	30	det:predet	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
31	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obj	_	_
32	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
33	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	acl:relcl	_	_
35	up	up	ADP	RP	_	34	compound:prt	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **guide** | to-infinitive | none *not said here* | Jerusalem |  |  |  | among all sons | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme among son=Destination |
| 3 | **bring** | present · perfect | Jerusalem |  | all sons |  |  | forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument whom=Destination |
| 4 | **be** | present | any |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **take** | present |  |  | Jerusalem |  |  | by the hand of all sons | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument she=Destination |
| 6 | **bring up** | present · perfect | Jerusalem | all sons |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent that=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֵין־מְנַהֵ֣ל לָ֔הּ מִכָּל־בָּנִ֖ים יָלָ֑דָה וְאֵ֤ין מַחֲזִיק֙ בְּיָדָ֔הּ מִכָּל־בָּנִ֖ים גִּדֵּֽלָה׃

[Isaiah 51:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1150` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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