---
title: Isaiah 51:19 (JPS 1917) — These two things are befallen thee; who shall bemoan thee? desolatio… · tree and pragmatics
description: These two things are befallen thee; who shall bemoan thee? desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword; how shall I comfort thee? Who acts: I. Isaiah 51:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 51:19 · JPS 1917

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These two things are befallen thee; who shall bemoan thee? desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword; how shall I comfort thee?

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** befall, bemoan, comfort · **To what, where:** two things, thee

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This is Isaiah 51:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1151
# text = These two things are befallen thee; who shall bemoan thee? desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword; how shall I comfort thee?
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	befallen	befall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	obj	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	nsubj	_	_
9	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	bemoan	bemoan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
11	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	obj	_	_
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
13	desolation	desolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	famine	famine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	27	advmod	_	_
25	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	comfort	comfort	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
28	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	obj	_	_
29	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **befall** | present · passive |  | this two things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bemoan** | shall |  | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **comfort** | shall | I | thee |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thou=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
שְׁתַּ֤יִם הֵ֙נָּה֙ קֹֽרְאֹתַ֔יִךְ מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑ךְ הַשֹּׁ֧ד וְהַשֶּׁ֛בֶר וְהָרָעָ֥ב וְהַחֶ֖רֶב מִ֥י אֲנַחֲמֵֽךְ׃

[Isaiah 51:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1151` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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