--- title: Isaiah 51:23 (JPS 1917) — And I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; that have… · tree and pragmatics description: And I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; that have said to thy soul: 'Bow down, that we may go over'; and thou hast laid thy back as the ground, and as the street, to them that go over. Who acts: I, hand, we, thou. Isaiah 51:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatic --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1155/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/51/) / [51:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.23/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 51:23 · JPS 1917 And I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; that have said to thy soul: 'Bow down, that we may go over'; and thou hast laid thy back as the ground, and as the street, to them that go over. **Who acts:** I, hand, we, thou · **What happens:** put, afflict, say, bow down, go over, lay · **To what, where:** cause, hand, thee, back, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Isaiah 51:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, hand, we, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:1155 # text = And I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; that have said to thy soul: 'Bow down, that we may go over'; and thou hast laid thy back as the ground, and as the street, to them that go over. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 put put VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ _ 6 into into ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 afflict afflict VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 13 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 12 obj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 15 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 nsubj _ _ 16 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 8 acl:relcl _ _ 18 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 soul soul NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 : : PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 22 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ _ 23 Bow bow VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ _ 24 down down ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 26 that that SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 27 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 28 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 advcl _ _ 30 over over ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 23 punct _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 34 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 36 nsubj _ _ 35 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 laid lay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 37 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 as as ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 44 as as ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 street street NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 48 to to ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ _ 50 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 51 nsubj _ _ 51 go go VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 49 acl:relcl _ _ 52 over over ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **put** | future | I | cause | | the hand of people | | | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal | | 2 | **afflict** | present | the hand of people | thee | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thou=Experiencer | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · perfect | the hand of people | | | | | to thy soul | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to soul=Experiencer clause=Topic | | 4 | **bow down** | infinitive | | | | | | down *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **go over** | may | we | | | | | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **lay** | present · perfect | thou | thy back | people | | | as the ground; as the street | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent back=Result as ground=Attribute | | 7 | **go over** | present | | | | | | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ בְּיַד־מוֹגַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־אָמְר֥וּ לְנַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ שְׁחִ֣י וְנַעֲבֹ֑רָה וַתָּשִׂ֤ימִי כָאָ֙רֶץ֙ גֵּוֵ֔ךְ וְכַח֖וּץ לַעֹבְרִֽים׃ס [Isaiah 51:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.23/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1155` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 51:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1154/) - next →: [Isaiah 52:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1156/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 51:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.23/)