---
title: Isaiah 55:10 (JPS 1917) — For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven, and returneth… · tree and pragmatics
description: For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, except it water the earth, and make it bring forth and bud, and give seed to the sower and bread to the eater; Who acts: rain, earth. Isaiah 55:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 55:10 · JPS 1917

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For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, except it water the earth, and make it bring forth and bud, and give seed to the sower and bread to the eater;

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**Who acts:** rain, earth · **What happens:** come down, not return, water, make, bring, give · **To what, where:** earth, seed, sower

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This is Isaiah 55:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rain, earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1214
# text = For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, except it water the earth, and make it bring forth and bud, and give seed to the sower and bread to the eater;
1	For	for	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	returneth	return	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
16	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	except	except	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	water	water	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
34	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	sower	sower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
40	to	to	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	eater	eater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
43	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come down** | present | the rain |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **return** | present | the rain *not said here* |  |  |  |  | thither *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **water** | present | rain | the earth |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent earth=Destination |
| 4 | **make** | infinitive | rain *not said here* | earth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **bring** | infinitive | earth *not said here* |  |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **give** | infinitive | rain *not said here* | seed and bread | the sower |  |  | to the eater | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent seed=Theme to sower=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵרֵד֩ הַגֶּ֨שֶׁם וְהַשֶּׁ֜לֶג מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְשָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב כִּ֚י אִם־הִרְוָ֣ה אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהוֹלִידָ֖הּ וְהִצְמִיחָ֑הּ וְנָ֤תַן זֶ֙רַע֙ לַזֹּרֵ֔עַ וְלֶ֖חֶם לָאֹכֵֽל׃

[Isaiah 55:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.55.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1214` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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