---
title: Isaiah 56:3 (JPS 1917) — Neither let the alien, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Neither let the alien, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak, saying: 'The LORD will surely separate me from His people'; neither let the eunuch say: 'Behold, I am a dry tree.' Who acts: you, alien, LORD, eunuch. Isaiah 56:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Isaiah 56:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither let the alien, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak, saying: 'The LORD will surely separate me from His people'; neither let the eunuch say: 'Behold, I am a dry tree.'

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**Who acts:** you, alien, LORD, eunuch, I · **What happens:** let, join, speak, say, separate, be · **To what, where:** alien, LORD, me, eunuch, dry tree · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 56:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, alien, LORD, eunuch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1220
# text = Neither let the alien, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak, saying: 'The LORD will surely separate me from His people'; neither let the eunuch say: 'Behold, I am a dry tree.'
1	Neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	2	cc	_	_
2	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	alien	alien	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	_
19	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	separate	separate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	ccomp	_	_
24	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
28	'	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
30	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	31	cc	_	_
31	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	eunuch	eunuch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
34	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	xcomp	_	_
35	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
36	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	43	punct	_	_
37	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	43	discourse	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
39	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
40	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	cop	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	ccomp	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
45	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=imp, act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | the alien |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alien=Theme |
| 2 | **join** | present · perfect | the alien | LORD |  |  |  | to the LORD | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient to lord=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **separate** | future | the LORD | me |  |  |  | from LORD's people; surely *property* | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent i=Patient from people=Co-Patient |
| 6 | **let** | infinitive |  | the eunuch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | the eunuch *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **is a** | present | I | a dry tree |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאַל־יֹאמַ֣ר בֶּן־הַנֵּכָ֗ר הַנִּלְוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַבְדֵּ֧ל יַבְדִּילַ֛נִי יְהוָ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל עַמּ֑וֹ וְאַל־יֹאמַר֙ הַסָּרִ֔יס הֵ֥ן אֲנִ֖י עֵ֥ץ יָבֵֽשׁ׃ס

[Isaiah 56:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.56.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1220` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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