---
title: Isaiah 56:10 (JPS 1917) — His watchmen are all blind, without knowledge; they are all dumb dog… · tree and pragmatics
description: His watchmen are all blind, without knowledge; they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; raving, lying down, loving to slumber. Who acts: watchmen. Isaiah 56:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1227/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 56](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/56/) / [56:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.56.10/) / JPS 1

# Isaiah 56:10 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His watchmen are all blind, without knowledge; they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; raving, lying down, loving to slumber.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** watchmen · **What happens:** be, not bark, rave, lie down, love, slumber · **To what, where:** dumb dogs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 56:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (watchmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1227
# text = His watchmen are all blind, without knowledge; they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; raving, lying down, loving to slumber.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	watchmen	watchman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	all	all	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	bark	bark	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	parataxis	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
21	raving	rave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
24	down	down	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	loving	love	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	slumber	slumber	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | GOD's watchmen |  |  |  |  | without knowledge; all, blind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | watchmen *= watchman* | dumb dogs |  |  |  | all *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **bark** | can | watchmen *= watchman* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **rave** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **lie down** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **love** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 7 | **slumber** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
צֹפָ֞יו עִוְרִ֤ים כֻּלָּם֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ כֻּלָּם֙ כְּלָבִ֣ים אִלְּמִ֔ים לֹ֥א יוּכְל֖וּ לִנְבֹּ֑חַ הֹזִים֙ שֹֽׁכְבִ֔ים אֹהֲבֵ֖י לָנֽוּם׃

[Isaiah 56:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.56.10/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1227` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Isaiah 56:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1226/)
- next →: [Isaiah 56:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1228/)
- ↑ back to [Isaiah 56:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.56.10/)