---
title: Isaiah 56:11 (JPS 1917) — Yea, the dogs are greedy, they know not when they have enough; and t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Yea, the dogs are greedy, they know not when they have enough; and these are shepherds that cannot understand; they all turn to their own way, each one to his gain, one and all. Who acts: dogs, these, shepherds. Isaiah 56:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 56:11 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yea, the dogs are greedy, they know not when they have enough; and these are shepherds that cannot understand; they all turn to their own way, each one to his gain, one and all.

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**Who acts:** dogs, these, shepherds · **What happens:** be, not know, have, not understand, turn · **To what, where:** enough, shepherds, own way

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This is Isaiah 56:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dogs, these, shepherds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1228
# text = Yea, the dogs are greedy, they know not when they have enough; and these are shepherds that cannot understand; they all turn to their own way, each one to his gain, one and all.
1	Yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	greedy	greedy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
14	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obj	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	nsubj	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl:relcl	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	25	det	_	_
27	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
30	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	34	det	_	_
34	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	gain	gain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	31	appos	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	39	conj	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the dogs |  |  |  |  | greedy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **know** | present | dogs *= dog* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **have** | present | dogs *= dog* | enough |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enough=Patient |
| 4 | **is a** | present | these | shepherds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **understand** | can | shepherds |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **turn** | present | dogs *= dog* |  |  | dogs's own way |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to way=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהַכְּלָבִ֣ים עַזֵּי־נֶ֗פֶשׁ לֹ֤א יָֽדְעוּ֙ שָׂבְעָ֔ה וְהֵ֣מָּה רֹעִ֔ים לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ הָבִ֑ין כֻּלָּם֙ לְדַרְכָּ֣ם פָּנ֔וּ אִ֥ישׁ לְבִצְע֖וֹ מִקָּצֵֽהוּ׃

[Isaiah 56:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.56.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1228` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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