---
title: Isaiah 59:16 (JPS 1917) — And He saw that there was no man, and was astonished that there was… · tree and pragmatics
description: And He saw that there was no man, and was astonished that there was no intercessor; therefore His own arm brought salvation unto Him; and His righteousness, it sustained Him; Who acts: LORD, man, intercessor, own arm. Isaiah 59:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Isaiah 59:16 · JPS 1917

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And He saw that there was no man, and was astonished that there was no intercessor; therefore His own arm brought salvation unto Him; and His righteousness, it sustained Him;

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**Who acts:** LORD, man, intercessor, own arm, arm · **What happens:** see, be, bring, sustain · **To what, where:** salvation, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Isaiah 59:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, man, intercessor, own arm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1290
# text = And He saw that there was no man, and was astonished that there was no intercessor; therefore His own arm brought salvation unto Him; and His righteousness, it sustained Him;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
16	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
17	intercessor	intercessor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
19	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
20	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
24	salvation	salvation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
29	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	righteousness	righteousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	dislocated	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
32	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
34	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** | past | no man |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | LORD *not said here* |  |  |  |  | astonished *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** | past | no intercessor |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **bring** | past | LORD's own arm | salvation |  |  |  | unto LORD; therefore *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent salvation=Theme |
| 6 | **sustain** | past | arm | LORD |  |  |  | LORD's righteousness *dislocated* | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּרְא֙ כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ וַיִּשְׁתּוֹמֵ֖ם כִּ֣י אֵ֣ין מַפְגִּ֑יעַ וַתּ֤וֹשַֽׁע לוֹ֙ זְרֹע֔וֹ וְצִדְקָת֖וֹ הִ֥יא סְמָכָֽתְהוּ׃

[Isaiah 59:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.59.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1290` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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