---
title: Isaiah 63:17 (JPS 1917) — O LORD, why dost Thou make us to err from Thy ways, and hardenest ou… · tree and pragmatics
description: O LORD, why dost Thou make us to err from Thy ways, and hardenest our heart from Thy fear? Who acts: Thou, us, Thy. Isaiah 63:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 63:17 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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O LORD, why dost Thou make us to err from Thy ways, and hardenest our heart from Thy fear?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Thou, us, Thy · **What happens:** make, err, harden, fear · **To what, where:** us, ways, heart, fear

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This is Isaiah 63:17 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, us, Thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1360
# text = O LORD, why dost Thou make us to err from Thy ways, and hardenest our heart from Thy fear?
1	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	vocative	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	dost	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	err	err	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	hardenest	harden	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · do-support | Thou | us |  |  |  | LORD *vocative* | tree rules |
| 2 | **err** | to-infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  | Thy ways |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **harden** | present | Thou *not said here* | our heart |  | Thy fear |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 4 | **fear** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לָ֣מָּה תַתְעֵ֤נוּ יְהוָה֙ מִדְּרָכֶ֔יךָ תַּקְשִׁ֥יחַ לִבֵּ֖נוּ מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ שׁ֚וּב לְמַ֣עַן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ שִׁבְטֵ֖י נַחֲלָתֶֽךָ׃

[Isaiah 63:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.17/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **O LORD, why dost Thou make us to err from Thy ways, and hardenest our heart from Thy fear?**
2. [Return for Thy servants' sake, the tribes of Thine inheritance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1361/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1360` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Isaiah 63:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1359/)
- next →: [Isaiah 63:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1361/)
- ↑ back to [Isaiah 63:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.17/)