---
title: Isaiah 63:18 (JPS 1917) — Thy holy people they have well nigh driven out, our adversaries have… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thy holy people they have well nigh driven out, our adversaries have trodden down Thy sanctuary. Who acts: peoples, adversaries. Isaiah 63:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 63:18 · JPS 1917

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Thy holy people they have well nigh driven out, our adversaries have trodden down Thy sanctuary.

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**Who acts:** peoples, adversaries · **What happens:** drive out, tread down · **To what, where:** holy people, sanctuary

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This is Isaiah 63:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peoples, adversaries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:1362
# text = Thy holy people they have well nigh driven out, our adversaries have trodden down Thy sanctuary.
1	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	ccomp	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	trodden	tread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
15	down	down	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	sanctuary	sanctuary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive out** | present · perfect | peoples *= people* | Thy holy people |  |  |  | nigh *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 2 | **tread down** | present · perfect | our adversaries | Thy sanctuary |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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לַמִּצְעָ֕ר יָרְשׁ֖וּ עַם־קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ צָרֵ֕ינוּ בּוֹסְס֖וּ מִקְדָּשֶֽׁךָ׃

[Isaiah 63:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:1362` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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