---
title: Isaiah 8:16 (JPS 1917) — 'Bind up the testimony, seal the instruction among My disciples.' · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Bind up the testimony, seal the instruction among My disciples.' Who acts: you. Isaiah 8:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 8:16 · JPS 1917

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'Bind up the testimony, seal the instruction among My disciples.'

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** bind up, seal · **To what, where:** testimony, instruction

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This is Isaiah 8:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:178
# text = 'Bind up the testimony, seal the instruction among My disciples.'
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Bind	bind	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	testimony	testimony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	seal	seal	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	among	among	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	disciples	disciple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
14	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bind up** | imperative | you *not said here* | the testimony |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent testimony=Patient |
| 2 | **seal** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the instruction |  |  |  | among My disciples | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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צ֖וֹר תְּעוּדָ֑ה חֲת֥וֹם תּוֹרָ֖ה בְּלִמֻּדָֽי׃

[Isaiah 8:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.8.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:178` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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