---
title: Isaiah 8:22 (JPS 1917) — or look unto the earth, behold distress and darkness, the gloom of a… · tree and pragmatics
description: or look unto the earth, behold distress and darkness, the gloom of anguish, and outspread thick darkness. Who acts: you. Isaiah 8:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 8:22 · JPS 1917

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or look unto the earth, behold distress and darkness, the gloom of anguish, and outspread thick darkness.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** look, behold · **To what, where:** distress

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This is Isaiah 8:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:184
# text = or look unto the earth, behold distress and darkness, the gloom of anguish, and outspread thick darkness.
1	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
3	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	behold	behold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
8	distress	distress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	gloom	gloom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	anguish	anguish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	outspread	outspread	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: fragment
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=frag, act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the earth | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **behold** | infinitive | you *not said here* | distress and darkness and the gloom of anguish and outspread thick darkness |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer distress=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְאֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ יַבִּ֑יט וְהִנֵּ֨ה צָרָ֤ה וַחֲשֵׁכָה֙ מְע֣וּף צוּקָ֔ה וַאֲפֵלָ֖ה מְנֻדָּֽח׃

[Isaiah 8:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.8.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:184` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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