---
title: Isaiah 8:23 (JPS 1917) — Now the former hath lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the la… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now the former hath lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but the latter hath dealt a more grievous blow by the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, in the district of the nations. Who acts: former, latter. Isaiah 8:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Isaiah 8:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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Now the former hath lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but the latter hath dealt a more grievous blow by the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, in the district of the nations.

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**Who acts:** former, latter · **What happens:** afflict, deal · **To what, where:** land, grievous blow, district

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 8:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (former, latter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:186
# text = Now the former hath lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but the latter hath dealt a more grievous blow by the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, in the district of the nations.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	former	former	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Zebulun	Zebulun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Naphtali	Naphtali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	latter	latter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	dealt	deal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	24	advmod	_	_
24	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | present · perfect | the former | the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali |  |  | now | lightly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus land=Experiencer |
| 2 | **deal** | present · perfect | the latter | a grievous blow |  | the district of the nations |  | by the way of the sea; beyond the Jordan | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blow=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֣י לֹ֣א מוּעָף֮ לַאֲשֶׁ֣ר מוּצָ֣ק לָהּ֒ כָּעֵ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן הֵקַ֞ל אַ֤רְצָה זְבֻלוּן֙ וְאַ֣רְצָה נַפְתָּלִ֔י וְהָאַחֲר֖וֹן הִכְבִּ֑יד דֶּ֤רֶךְ הַיָּם֙ עֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן גְּלִ֖יל הַגּוֹיִֽם׃

[Isaiah 8:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.8.23/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [For is there no gloom to her that was stedfast?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.185/)
2. **Now the former hath lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but the latter hath dealt a more grievous blow by the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, in the district of the nations.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:186` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Isaiah 8:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.185/)
- next →: [Isaiah 9:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.187/)
- ↑ back to [Isaiah 8:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.8.23/)