---
title: Isaiah 9:18 (JPS 1917) — Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land burnt up; the peo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land burnt up; the people also are as the fuel of fire; no man spareth his brother. Who acts: people, man. Isaiah 9:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 9:18 · JPS 1917

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Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land burnt up; the people also are as the fuel of fire; no man spareth his brother.

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**Who acts:** people, man · **What happens:** be, burnt up, spare · **To what, where:** land, wrath, brother

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This is Isaiah 9:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:207
# text = Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land burnt up; the people also are as the fuel of fire; no man spareth his brother.
1	Through	through	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	wrath	wrath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
17	also	also	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	spareth	spare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the land |  | the wrath of the LORD of hosts |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **burnt up** | participle |  | the land *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | the people |  |  |  |  | as the fuel; of fire | tree rules |
| 4 | **spare** | present | no man | LORD's brother |  |  |  |  | vn bill-54.5 «NP V NP NP.asset»: agent=Agent brother=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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בְּעֶבְרַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת נֶעְתַּ֣ם אָ֑רֶץ וַיְהִ֤י הָעָם֙ כְּמַאֲכֹ֣לֶת אֵ֔שׁ אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֖יו לֹ֥א יַחְמֹֽלוּ׃

[Isaiah 9:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.9.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:207` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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