---
title: Isaiah 1:21 (JPS 1917) — How is the faithful city become a harlot! · tree and pragmatics
description: How is the faithful city become a harlot! Isaiah 1:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 1:21 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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How is the faithful city become a harlot!

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**What happens:** become · **To what, where:** faithful city

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This is Isaiah 1:21 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:21
# text = How is the faithful city become a harlot!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	harlot	harlot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	_
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: evaluate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · passive |  | the faithful city |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֵיכָה֙ הָיְתָ֣ה לְזוֹנָ֔ה קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָ֑ה מְלֵאֲתִ֣י מִשְׁפָּ֗ט צֶ֛דֶק יָלִ֥ין בָּ֖הּ וְעַתָּ֥ה מְרַצְּחִֽים׃

[Isaiah 1:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.21/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **How is the faithful city become a harlot!**
2. [She that was full of justice, righteousness lodged in her, but now murderers.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:21` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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