---
title: Isaiah 10:1 (JPS 1917) — Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and to the writers th… · tree and pragmatics
description: Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and to the writers that write iniquity; Who acts: writers. Isaiah 10:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 10:1 · JPS 1917

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Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and to the writers that write iniquity;

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**Who acts:** writers · **What happens:** decree, write · **To what, where:** unrighteous decrees, iniquity

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This is Isaiah 10:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (writers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:211
# text = Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and to the writers that write iniquity;
1	Woe	woe	INTJ	UH	_	0	root	_	_
2	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	decree	decree	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	unrighteous	unrighteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	decrees	decree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	write	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decree** | present |  | unrighteous decrees |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decree=Theme |
| 2 | **write** | present | the writers | iniquity |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iniquity=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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ה֥וֹי הַחֹֽקְקִ֖ים חִקְקֵי־אָ֑וֶן וּֽמְכַתְּבִ֥ים עָמָ֖ל כִּתֵּֽבוּ׃

[Isaiah 10:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.10.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:211` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Isaiah 9:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.210/)
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