---
title: Isaiah 1:23 (JPS 1917) — Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves; every one lov… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves; every one loveth bribes, and followeth after rewards; they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them. Who acts: princes, one, cause. Isaiah 1:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Isaiah 1:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves; every one loveth bribes, and followeth after rewards; they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** princes, one, cause · **What happens:** be, love, follow, not judge, come, cause · **To what, where:** bribes, fatherless, widow

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 1:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (princes, one, cause), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:24
# text = Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves; every one loveth bribes, and followeth after rewards; they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.
1	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	rebellious	rebellious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	thieves	thief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	loveth	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	bribes	bribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	followeth	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
18	after	after	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	rewards	reward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	judge	judge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	fatherless	fatherless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
27	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	34	cc	_	_
28	doth	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
35	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obl	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Thy princes |  |  |  |  | rebellious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **love** | present | every one | bribes |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bribe=Stimulus |
| 3 | **follow** | present | every one *not said here* |  |  |  | after rewards |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent after reward=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **judge** | present | princes *= prince* | the fatherless |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent fatherless=Value |
| 5 | **come** | present · do-support | the cause of the widow |  |  |  |  | unto princes *= prince* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **cause** |  |  | the widow |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
שָׂרַ֣יִךְ סוֹרְרִ֗ים וְחַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלּוֹ֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְרֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְרִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃פ

[Isaiah 1:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:24` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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