---
title: Isaiah 10:34 (JPS 1917) — And He shall cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, and Leba… · tree and pragmatics
description: And He shall cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, and Lebanon shall fall by a mighty one. Who acts: lofty, Lebanon. Isaiah 10:34 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 10:34 · JPS 1917

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And He shall cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, and Lebanon shall fall by a mighty one.

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**Who acts:** lofty, Lebanon · **What happens:** cut down, fall · **To what, where:** thickets

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This is Isaiah 10:34 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lofty, Lebanon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:252
# text = And He shall cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, and Lebanon shall fall by a mighty one.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	thickets	thicket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut down** | shall | lofty | the thickets of the forest |  |  |  | with iron | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thicket=Patient with iron=Instrument |
| 2 | **fall** | shall | Lebanon |  |  |  |  | by a mighty one | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by one=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְנִקַּ֛ף סִֽבְכֵ֥י הַיַּ֖עַר בַּבַּרְזֶ֑ל וְהַלְּבָנ֖וֹן בְּאַדִּ֥יר יִפּֽוֹל׃ס

[Isaiah 10:34: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.10.34/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:252` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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