--- title: Isaiah 1:4 (JPS 1917) — Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evil-doers… · tree and pragmatics description: Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evil-doers, children that deal corruptly; they have forsaken the LORD, they have contemned the Holy One of Israel, they are turned away backward. Who acts: children, people. Isaiah 1:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/1/) / [1:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.4/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 1:4 · JPS 1917 Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evil-doers, children that deal corruptly; they have forsaken the LORD, they have contemned the Holy One of Israel, they are turned away backward. **Who acts:** children, people · **What happens:** lade, deal, forsake, contemn, turn away · **To what, where:** people, LORD, Holy One This is Isaiah 1:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:3 # text = Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evil-doers, children that deal corruptly; they have forsaken the LORD, they have contemned the Holy One of Israel, they are turned away backward. 1 Ah ah INTJ UH _ 3 discourse _ _ 2 sinful sinful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 nation nation NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 appos _ _ 7 laden lade VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 8 with with ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 iniquity iniquity NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 seed seed NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 appos _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 evil evil ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 15 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ _ 16 doers doer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 appos _ _ 19 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 20 deal deal VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 acl:relcl _ _ 21 corruptly corruptly ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 forsaken forsake VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 parataxis _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 30 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 contemned contemn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 25 parataxis _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 Holy Holy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 flat _ _ 34 One One PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj:pass _ _ 39 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux:pass _ _ 40 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 parataxis _ _ 41 away away ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 42 backward backward ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lade** | participle | | a people *not said here* | | | | with iniquity | tree rules | | 2 | **deal** | present | children | | | | | corruptly *property* | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **forsake** | present · perfect | people | the LORD | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **contemn** | present · perfect | people | the Holy One of Israel | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **turn away** | present · passive | | people | | | | away, backward *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} ה֣וֹי ׀ גּ֣וֹי חֹטֵ֗א עַ֚ם כֶּ֣בֶד עָוֺ֔ן זֶ֣רַע מְרֵעִ֔ים בָּנִ֖ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים עָזְב֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה נִֽאֲצ֛וּ אֶת־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נָזֹ֥רוּ אָחֽוֹר׃ [Isaiah 1:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:3` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 1:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.2/) - next →: [Isaiah 1:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.4/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 1:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.4/)