---
title: Isaiah 14:12 (JPS 1917) — How art thou cut down to the ground, that didst cast lots over the n… · tree and pragmatics
description: How art thou cut down to the ground, that didst cast lots over the nations! Isaiah 14:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 14:12 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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How art thou cut down to the ground, that didst cast lots over the nations!

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**What happens:** cut down, cast · **To what, where:** thou, lots, nations

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This is Isaiah 14:12 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:312
# text = How art thou cut down to the ground, that didst cast lots over the nations!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	didst	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	cast	cast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
13	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	over	over	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=express, voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut down** | present · passive |  | thou |  |  |  | to the ground *result* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient to ground=Result |
| 2 | **cast** | past · do-support |  | lots |  | the nations |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent lot=Theme over nation=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֵ֛יךְ נָפַ֥לְתָּ מִשָּׁמַ֖יִם הֵילֵ֣ל בֶּן־שָׁ֑חַר נִגְדַּ֣עְתָּ לָאָ֔רֶץ חוֹלֵ֖שׁ עַל־גּוֹיִֽם׃

[Isaiah 14:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.14.12/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [How art thou fallen from heaven, O day-star, son of the morning!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.311/)
2. **How art thou cut down to the ground, that didst cast lots over the nations!**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:312` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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