---
title: Isaiah 14:18 (JPS 1917) — All the kings of the nations, all of them, sleep in glory, every one… · tree and pragmatics
description: All the kings of the nations, all of them, sleep in glory, every one in his own house. Who acts: kings. Isaiah 14:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 14:18 · JPS 1917

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All the kings of the nations, all of them, sleep in glory, every one in his own house.

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**Who acts:** kings · **What happens:** sleep · **To what, where:** glory

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This is Isaiah 14:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:318
# text = All the kings of the nations, all of them, sleep in glory, every one in his own house.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
12	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | all kings of the nations |  |  | glory |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in glory=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם כֻּלָּ֑ם שָׁכְב֥וּ בְכָב֖וֹד אִ֥ישׁ בְּבֵיתֽוֹ׃

[Isaiah 14:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.14.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:318` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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