---
title: Isaiah 1:31 (JPS 1917) — And the strong shall be as tow, and his work as a spark; and they sh… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the strong shall be as tow, and his work as a spark; and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them. Who acts: strong, tow, none, garden. Isaiah 1:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.32/)

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# Isaiah 1:31 · JPS 1917

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And the strong shall be as tow, and his work as a spark; and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them.

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**Who acts:** strong, tow, none, garden · **What happens:** be, burn, quench, work · **To what, where:** tow

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This is Isaiah 1:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strong, tow, none, garden), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:32
# text = And the strong shall be as tow, and his work as a spark; and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	strong	strong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	tow	tow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	spark	spark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	both	both	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
21	together	together	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	26	nsubj	_	_
25	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	quench	quench	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | shall | the strong |  |  |  |  | as tow and garden's work as a spark | tree rules |
| 2 | **burn** | shall | tow |  |  |  |  | both, together *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **quench** | shall | none | tow |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
| 4 | **work** |  | garden |  |  |  |  | as a spark | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent as=obl |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְהָיָ֤ה הֶחָסֹן֙ לִנְעֹ֔רֶת וּפֹעֲל֖וֹ לְנִיצ֑וֹץ וּבָעֲר֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם יַחְדָּ֖ו וְאֵ֥ין מְכַבֶּֽה׃ס

[Isaiah 1:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:32` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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