---
title: Isaiah 14:23 (JPS 1917) — I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water… · tree and pragmatics
description: I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water; and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts. Who acts: I, LORD. Isaiah 14:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 14:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water; and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, LORD · **What happens:** make, sweep, say · **To what, where:** face · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 14:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:323
# text = I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water; and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bittern	bittern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	pools	pool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	sweep	sweep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	besom	besom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	saith	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	parataxis	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | future | I | face |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
| 2 | **sweep** | future | I | face |  |  |  | with the besom of destruction | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Trajectory |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD of hosts |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְשַׂמְתִּ֛יהָ לְמוֹרַ֥שׁ קִפֹּ֖ד וְאַגְמֵי־מָ֑יִם וְטֵֽאטֵאתִ֙יהָ֙ בְּמַטְאֲטֵ֣א הַשְׁמֵ֔ד נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃פ

[Isaiah 14:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.14.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:323` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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